Symptoms and Progression
Monkeypox, or mpox, is a rare viral disease that initially presents with flu-like symptoms. The typical incubation period ranges from 5 to 21 days, with symptoms starting 6 to 13 days after exposure. Common early symptoms include:
- Fever: Sudden onset of a high fever.
- Headache: Severe headaches are frequent.
- Muscle Aches: Similar to flu-like muscle pain.
- Chills: Accompanied by fever.
- Exhaustion: Extreme fatigue or weakness.
- Swollen Lymph Nodes: Painful swelling in the neck, armpits, or groin.
After the initial symptoms, a distinctive rash develops 1 to 3 days later, starting on the face and spreading to other body parts. The rash progresses through several stages:
- Macules: Flat, red spots.
- Papules: Raised bumps.
- Vesicles: Fluid-filled bumps.
- Pustules: Yellowish fluid-filled bumps.
- Scabs: Pustules scab over and eventually fall off.
The rash can be itchy or painful and typically lasts 2 to 4 weeks. Most people recover fully, though complications can occur.
Transmission
Monkeypox can be transmitted through various means:
- Human-to-Human Transmission:
- Direct Contact: Through physical contact with the rash, scabs, or bodily fluids of an infected person, including sexual contact.
- Respiratory Droplets: Prolonged close contact can lead to transmission through respiratory droplets, although this usually requires extended exposure.
- Contaminated Objects: Contact with contaminated items, such as clothing or bedding, can spread the virus.
- Animal-to-Human Transmission:
- Bites or Scratches: From infected animals, particularly rodents and primates.
- Consumption of Infected Meat: Handling or eating the meat of infected animals, such as wild game, can transmit the virus.
- Vertical Transmission:
- Mother to Fetus: An infected pregnant woman can transmit the virus to her fetus via the placenta.
Preventive Measures
To prevent monkeypox, consider the following measures:
- Avoid contact with animals that might carry the virus.
- Practice good hygiene.
- Avoid close contact with infected individuals.
- Vaccination can provide protection, especially for those at higher risk.
Being aware of the symptoms and transmission methods can help in taking the necessary precautions to prevent the spread of monkeypox.
