Nigeria Times

By Zhang Penghui, People’s Daily

The Great Wall Climate Dialogue co-hosted by the Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries and the California-China Climate Institute was held at a hotel near Yanqi Lake in Beijing’s northern outskirts on Oct. 26.

Both Chinese and American guests attending the dialogue believe that addressing climate change requires global action, especially close cooperation between China and the United States. There exist tremendous opportunities for cooperation between China and the United States in areas such as green development and climate change response.

China’s Minister of Ecology and Environment Huang Runqiu said in his remarks that the Chinese path to modernization is a process of modernization of harmony between humanity and nature, and China always attaches high importance to addressing climate change.

In recent years, China has vigorously implemented a series of strategies, measures and actions to cope with climate change. By 2022, China’s carbon emission intensity has cumulatively declined by over 51 percent compared to 2005 levels, which represents outstanding results in climate change response.

To jointly address global environmental and climate challenges, China and the U.S. should further consolidate cooperative mechanisms, maintain good partnership, play an exemplary leading role, promote comprehensive cooperation at all levels, and strengthen joint efforts to advance global environmental and climate governance progress.

China-U.S. environment and climate cooperation dates back to the 1980s and is an important part of bilateral relations. The leaders of the two countries successively issued three joint statements on climate change, providing political solutions and making historic contributions to the successful conclusion and rapid entry into force of the Paris Agreement.

In 2022, China’s Ministry of Ecology and Environment signed a Memorandum of Understanding on cooperation with California. Since then, the two sides have carried out a series of policy dialogues in areas including carbon markets and nature-based solutions.

California Governor Gavin Newsom said in his speech that climate change is a common challenge faced by all countries, and in recent years, California has been deeply affected by climate change, with frequent extreme weather events like heatwaves, droughts and floods.

As the world’s two largest economies, the United States and China bear major responsibilities in addressing climate change, Newsom remarked. He noted California is at the forefront of U.S. states in green development, but still has limitations and room for improvement. The two sides should fully utilize innovation and investment tools, find solutions to tackle climate change. He hopes that the United States and China can share wisdom and experience, deepen green cooperation, and jointly contribute to global climate change response.

Yang Wanming, president of the Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries, said climate change is a common challenge faced by humanity, and strengthening sub-national cooperation between China and the United States in addressing climate change and promoting green development helps advance the two countries’ respective green development, is beneficial for the global population, and contributes to the healthy and stable development of the China-US relationship.

Leaders from the Chinese provinces and autonomous regions of Inner Mongolia, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Hainan and Sichuan introduced specific actions and successful experiences in implementing the green development philosophy, expressing their willingness to strengthen exchanges and cooperation with the California government in areas such as clean energy, technological innovation, low-carbon transportation and green agriculture, in order to vitalize sub-national exchanges between China and the United States as well as international cooperation on climate change response.

Wade Crowfoot, Secretary of the California Natural Resources Agency, said via video link that California has set ambitious goals for achieving sustainable development, and the next it will ensure these goals are implemented. Over the past 30 years, California’s air quality has significantly improved, and it plans for all vehicles to use clean energy by 2035. The United States and China can learn from each other in areas like improving air quality, Crowfoot noted.

Chair of the California Energy Commission David Hochschild congratulated China on its leading achievements in the new energy industry. He highlighted that the United States and China are located on both sides of the Pacific Ocean, the ocean winds provide endless energy for wind power projects in both countries. He expressed his hope for closer cooperation with China in the development of clean energy.

Newsom said he opposes the view that U.S.-China cooperation is a zero-sum game, noting that decoupling is not an option for the two countries. He said the two sides should strengthen communication, and join hands to cope with climate change and other challenges facing the world.

He noted that China plays an important role in addressing climate change and California is a long-term, strong and reliable partner of China in promoting sub-national cooperation between the two countries. Especially in reducing carbon emissions and achieving green growth, the two sides can carry out more cooperation, he added.

By Yang Junfeng

A digital twin is a digital representation of a physical object or process. It builds a bond between the real and virtual worlds.

In today’s China, the digital twin technology is empowering various booming industries, such as digital transportation, smart city and environmental protection, making economic and social development more intelligent.

A new expressway currently under construction in east China’s Anhui province has utilized digital twin technology from its inception. A virtual version of the expressway is being built concurrently as construction progresses.

“As the first intelligent expressway in Anhui, it incorporates emerging technologies to construct an underlying digital twin model,” said a representative from Anhui Transport Consulting & Design Institute. It allows real-time collection of vehicle movements, weather and other multi-dimensional traffic data, and thus enables precise monitoring and management of the expressway.

According to the representative, digital twin technology is expected to enhance the traffic efficiency of the expressway, bolster its whole-process emergency response capabilities, and reduce the duration of closures resulting from adverse weather conditions.

Insiders believe that the evolution and application of digital technologies are leading to more efficient and intelligent transport solutions. In the near future, the Chinese highway network will be highly digitalized, with the rising of a trillion-yuan ($136.7 billion) digital economy market related to highways, injecting new momentum into the transportation sector to advance Chinese modernization.

The rapid development and wide application of digital twin technology have generated new ideas for urban planning, construction, governance and management.

In Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City (YZBSTC) in Sanya, south China’s Hainan province, a new smart industrial park is under construction. Built by iFlytek, a leading artificial intelligence (AI) company, this industrial park utilizes digital twin technology and has constructed an information model by modeling relevant spatio-temporal data, thus supporting various application systems.

“Leveraging AI algorithms and the digital twin platform, we have completed the upgrading from collecting data of single units to sourcing big data of the whole YZBSTC. Digital innovations make urban development and planning manageable, controllable and visible,” said an executive of iFlytek.

Today, Chinese cities are on a “fast lane” in terms of digital twin development.

Suzhou in east China’s Jiangsu province has collected comprehensive and high-precision data on its ancient architectures, providing support for protection and restoration efforts. The Xiong’an New Area in north China’s Hebei province has synchronized virtual and real urban planning and construction.

Experts believe building a digital twin of a tangible city would enable more efficient urban management, and facilitate the city’s sustainable development.

During a 2023 Yellow River flood control drill, a “digital Yellow River” “flowed” rapidly on a panoramic digital twin platform, displaying hazard distribution that could be caused by extreme weather. This platform showed clearly the flood progression and damage in shoal areas, with an aim to improve flood control efficiency.

Wu Dan, deputy director of the information engineering center of the Yellow River Laboratory’s digital twin team, explained that constructing a digital twin is crucial for intelligent governance of the Yellow River basin and will comprehensively enhance the capabilities to ensure water security across the basin.

Digital twin technology has also provided technical support for environmental protection in Zhejiang province.

This May, in a 1,800-meter altitude alpine wetland in Baishanzu National Nature Reserve, a pair of Chinese spot-billed ducks foraging were captured by cameras. Location, meteorological and hydrological data were soon transmitted back to the system via Internet of Things monitoring devices and a digital twin platform.

“It marked the first time that Chinese spot-billed ducks were spotted at such a high altitude since the nature reserve was established, providing valuable insights for experts studying the animal’s migration patterns and habits,” said Ye Lixin, an engineer of the nature reserve.

Experts believe that digital twin technology has broad application prospects in ecological conservation. It not only offers scientists more tools to research and safeguard the natural environment, but also helps government agencies and related businesses strike a better balance between economic growth and environmental protection.

By He Yin, People’s Daily

Global modernization should be pursued to enhance peaceful development and mutually beneficial cooperation and bring prosperity to all, said Chinese President Xi Jinping when addressing the opening ceremony of the third Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation (BRF).

This grand vision is consistent with building a community with a shared future for mankind, and charts the course for high-quality Belt and Road cooperation.

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has forged a cooperation platform for common development, and enabled many developing countries to accelerate their progress of modernization. In the future, it will get onto a new stage of higher-quality and higher-level development, and portrait a grand picture of countries working together for modernization.

“China is endeavoring to build itself into a stronger country and rejuvenate the Chinese nation on all fronts by pursuing Chinese modernization. The modernization we are pursuing is not for China alone, but for all developing countries through our joint efforts.”

Xi’s words explained the logic of “When China does well, the world will get even better,” and revealed China’s intention to seek win-win cooperation and common development in promoting the BRI.

To achieve modernization is a shared dream of people of all countries, and no country shall be left behind in humanity’s modernization process.

The BRI, taking building a community with a shared future for mankind as the ultimate goal, is a path to modernization for all countries as well as a path to a bright future for humanity. With the initiative, countries can independently explore a path to modernization that suits their own national realities and share the opportunities created by Chinese modernization.

British scholar Martin Jacques said that Chinese modernization in essence is providing opportunities to the world, especially developing countries.

The BRI injects impetus into the realization of global modernization. Over the past decade, Belt and Road international cooperation has gotten off the ground, turning blueprints  into real projects. It has launched thousands of practical cooperation projects, and achieved fruitful and tangible outcomes.

From the massive infrastructure projects that vitalize participating countries’ development momentum, to industrial cooperation aiming to enhance these countries’ poverty reduction capabilities, the BRI focuses on tackling the bottlenecks containing participating countries’ development and has contributed to the modernization of all countries.

At the opening ceremony of the third BRF, Xi announced eight major steps China will take to support the joint pursuit of high-quality Belt and Road cooperation. These steps include both concrete measures and long-term mechanisms, injecting new momentum into humanity’s global modernization process with action-oriented, efficient and pragmatic efforts.

Foreign dignitaries commended the BRI for bringing opportunities to their countries’ development. Some said the initiative effectively promoted Egypt’s economic development and created important opportunities for developing countries, and some said the eight major steps will further assist Africa in achieving industrialization, agricultural modernization and economic integration. They are expecting high-quality Belt and Road cooperation to continue powering their countries’ modernization process.

The BRI provides a path to realizing global modernization. Every country should adhere to the philosophy of solidarity, cooperation and common development in its pursuit of modernization, and follow a path of joint contribution, shared benefits and win-win cooperation.

The BRI always upholds the principle of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits. It has established a new framework for international cooperation, and blazed a trail for achieving global modernization that features peaceful development, mutually beneficial cooperation and prosperity for all.

During the third BRF, a total of 458 outcomes were achieved, further expanding the areas of BRI cooperation. China will promote local employment through cooperation projects and carry out 1,000 small-scale livelihood assistance projects. These important measures, once implemented, will surely promote the modernization process of relevant countries.

Zamir Ahmed Awan, founding chair of Islamabad-based think tank, the Global Silk Route Research Alliance, believes that the BRI, emphasizing inclusiveness and openness, helps the Global South achieve economic growth and sustainable growth, and helps developing countries accelerate modernization.

Belt and Road cooperation pursues development, aims at mutual benefits, and conveys a message of hope. To promote such a great undertaking that benefits the people of participating countries, it is important to stay focused on the goal, take results-oriented actions, persevere, and keep moving forward until the goal is met.

China will work with relevant parties to continue deepening Belt and Road partnership, promote high-quality Belt and Road cooperation, and make unremitted efforts to advance global modernization.

By Luo Shanshan, People’s Daily

The sixth China International Import Expo (CIIE) is scheduled to be held offline between Nov. 5 and 10 in Shanghai.

The event will be joined by guests from 154 countries, regions and international organizations. Over 3,400 exhibitors and 394,000 professional visitors have registered to attend the event, representing a full recovery to pre-pandemic levels. Hundreds executives of Global Fortune 500 companies and industry-leading enterprises are poised to attend the expo, exceeding the previous levels.

The country exhibition of the sixth CIIE will comprehensively showcase the willingness of relevant parties to engage in open cooperation.

A total of 69 countries and three international organizations have confirmed their participation in the country exhibitions, of which 11 countries will make their debuts and 34 will participate in offline exhibitions for the first time. Honduras, Kazakhstan, Serbia, South Africa and Vietnam will serve as guest countries of honor.

The area of the China Pavilion this time will be expanded to 2,500 square meters, the largest it has been in the history of the CIIE.

The quality and efficiency of the Business Exhibition will be significantly improved. The Business Exhibition will cover an area of about 367,000 square meters, on which 289 Global Fortune 500 companies and industry-leading enterprises will showcase their products and services. All the three figures outnumber the previous levels.

The biggest 10 names in the automobile industry, the world’s 10 major industrial electrical companies, 10 medical equipment manufacturers, three mining giants, top four grain traders and top five shipping companies have confirmed plans to attend.

The Business Exhibition focuses on high-quality development and quality life. The exhibition areas dedicated to cutting-edge technologies such as low-carbon energy and artificial intelligence, as well as lifestyle and consumer products, will experience a growth of 30 percent in size. Over 400 new products, technologies, and services will be showcased in these areas.

Thirty-nine government trade groups established by local governments and relevant departments, as well as four industrial trade groups will join the exhibition. Together, they comprise over 750 sub-groups.

“We will engage in close cooperation with all relevant parties, and go all out to build a high-standard, high-quality and high-level global trade fair, so as to offer more market, investment and growth opportunities for parties attending the event, and build cohesion for joint development,” said Sheng Qiuping, China’s Vice Minister of Commerce.

As a platform promoting high-level opening up, the CIIE signals a strong voice for opening up. A batch of high-end equipment, green products and biological technologies are expected to be launched at the sixth CIIE, and Ecuador’s yellow dragon fruit, Benin’s pineapple will start entering the Chinese market via this event.

The CIIE is an international public good shared by the world. It fully demonstrates the true multilateralism upheld by China, as well as the country’s vision to build a community with a shared future for mankind.

The Hongqiao International Economic Forum (Hongqiao Forum), focusing on global openness as an international public good, will continue releasing the World Openness Report 2023 and the World Openness Index, and keep serving as a platform of high-end dialogue and exchange for the international political, business and academic communities.

The Hongqiao Forum will host 22 sub-forums this year covering global hotspots such as green development, digital economy and intelligent technology. Over 300 big names from the international political, business and academic communities are expected to attend the forum and deliver speeches.

Hua Yuan, vice mayor of Shanghai, noted that Shanghai will accelerate its efforts to build itself into a hub for imported commodities, and the number of “6+365” Permanent Exhibition and Trade Platforms of the CIIE has been expanded to 60. Shanghai is working to turn exhibitors into investors, and has introduced action plans to optimize its business environment for six years in a row.

According to Hua, the actual use of foreign capital of the metropolis jumped from $16.67 billion in 2018 to nearly $23.96 billion last year, with a five-year total hitting $101.3 billion, 20.5 percent higher from the last five-year period.

As the world’s first import-themed national-level exhibition, the CIIE has become a major international platform for promoting the integration of the Chinese and global markets, fostering industrial integration, stimulating creativity, and facilitating mutual learning of rules and regulations.

The Ministry of Commerce will work with relevant departments to implement multiple measures to expand the imports of quality products and facilitate high-quality trade development, said Sheng.

China will keep strengthening policy support, ensuring stable operations at every stage of bulk commodity imports, and increasing the imports of energy resources and agricultural products.

The Ministry of Commerce, together with relevant departments, will revise a catalogue of encouraged technology and product imports to support enterprises in expanding imports of advanced technologies, essential equipment, and key components, promoting industrial restructuring and optimization.

China will keep releasing the potential of imports. This year, China has implemented provisional import tax rates for 1,020 commodities. In accordance with the effective free trade agreements and preferential trade arrangements, agreed tax rates are applied to certain imported goods originating from 29 countries or regions under 19 agreements, further reducing the level of tax rates. The positive role of cross-border e-commerce in retail imports is being leveraged to continue unlocking the potential of consumer goods imports.

China will keep enhancing exchanges at the CIIE. It will fully leveraging the role of major trade platforms such as the CIIE, amplify the spillover effects of various exhibitions, and facilitate the entry of more high-quality goods, technologies, and services into China. This will promote business exchanges and connections, and allow more enterprises to share the opportunities of the Chinese market.

By He Yin, People’s Daily

Chinese President Xi Jinping announced eight major steps China will take to support high-quality Belt and Road cooperation at the opening ceremony of the third Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation (BRF), injecting confidence and impetus into jointly creating a prosperous future.

The eight major steps include concrete goals, as well as important cooperation initiatives and institutional measures – building a multidimensional Belt and Road connectivity network, supporting an open world economy, carrying out practical cooperation, promoting green development, advancing scientific and technological innovation, supporting people-to-people exchanges, promoting integrity-based Belt and Road cooperation, and strengthening institutional building for international Belt and Road cooperation.

These major steps are in line with promoting high-quality Belt and Road cooperation, as well as the sustainable development of Belt and Road countries.

The steps have evoked strong resonance from all relevant parties. Some said the eight major steps inspire every participant in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and demonstrate China’s commitment to practical cooperation and sharing opportunities. Some said these steps provide guidance for deepening Belt and Road international cooperation.

The eight major steps manifest the synergy of high-quality Belt and Road cooperation.

Belt and Road countries have formed synergy among their policy coordination and development planning through international cooperation. Aiming for high-standard, sustainable and people-centered progress, they deliver benefits to all the people with fruitful results and contribute to their social and economic development.

China will speed up the high-quality development of the China-Europe Railway Express and vigorously integrate ports, shipping and trading services under the “Silk Road Maritime.”

It will establish pilot zones for Silk Road e-commerce cooperation and enter into free trade agreements and investment protection treaties with more countries.

The country will remove all restrictions on foreign investment access in the manufacturing sector and hold the Global Digital Trade Expo annually. It will promote both signature projects and “small yet smart” livelihood programs.

Besides, China will host the Liangzhu Forum to enhance dialogue on civilizations with BRI partner countries.

Promoting connectivity, mutual benefit, common development, cooperation and win-win outcomes, the BRI will continue to gather positive energy for development.

International observers noted that these Chinese measures will further promote international trade and investment, foster global economic growth and make new contributions to improving global economic governance.

The eight major steps focus on the new development of high-quality Belt and Road cooperation.

To pursue the philosophy of open, green and clean cooperation is an essential requirement for promoting the high-quality development of the BRI. China will continue to deepen cooperation in areas such as green infrastructure, green energy and green transportation,  step up support for the BRI International Green Development Coalition, and implement the Green Investment Principles for the Belt and Road.

China will continue to implement the Belt and Road Science, Technology and Innovation Cooperation Action Plan, hold the first Belt and Road Conference on Science and Technology Exchange, and increase the number of joint laboratories built with other parties to 100 in the next five years.

China has put forward the Global Initiative for Artificial Intelligence (AI) Governance. It stands ready to increase exchanges and dialogue with other countries and jointly promote the sound, orderly and secure AI development in the world.

Together with its cooperation partners, China released the Achievements and Prospects of Belt and Road Integrity Building and the High-Level Principles on Belt and Road Integrity Building.

It is believed globally that Belt and Road cooperation on digital and green development is painting a promising picture of economic growth, win-win cooperation, and common prosperity for participating countries.

The eight major steps improve mechanisms for high-quality Belt and Road international cooperation.

China will work with its BRI partner countries to strengthen the building of multilateral cooperation platforms covering energy, taxation, finance, green development, disaster reduction, anti-corruption, think tank, media, culture and other fields. China will continue to host the BRF and establish a secretariat for the Forum.

According to a chair’s statement of the third BRF, China has launched together with its cooperation partners more than 20 multilateral dialogue and cooperation platforms. The measures will play an important role in promoting mechanism construction and the implementation of projects.

Kirill Babaev, director of the Institute of China and Modern Asia at the Russian Academy of Sciences, noted that the eight major steps announced by Xi will make the BRI achievements more impressive in the future.

“Belt and Road cooperation, robust and fruitful in its first decade, is now full of dynamism and vitality. We must embark with drive and enthusiasm on the new journey toward another golden decade,” Xi said.

As long as all parties make continuous efforts, the BRI will surely embrace higher-quality and higher-level development, providing impetus for economic growth and common development of the world.

By Huan Yuping, People’s Daily

Since the outbreak of the latest round of Palestinian-Israeli conflict, the escalating situation has drawn global attention. The large-scale civilian casualties and worsening humanitarian crises are questioning the conscience of humanity.

Currently, the fighting continues and lives are still being lost, and the spillover effect is impacting regional peace and stability.

The international community generally hopes that the parties to the conflict will cease fire and return to the track of negotiation as soon as possible, so as to create opportunities for peace and prevent an even worse humanitarian disaster.

In recent days, the number of casualties resulting from the conflict has continued to rise, and the living conditions of the people in Gaza have been deteriorating.

A deadly blast at the Al-Ahli hospital in Gaza has resulted in heavy casualties. Such acts of killing and maiming innocent lives must be unanimously rejected and condemned by the international community.

Faced with a complex and extremely urgent situation, all parties must prioritize the value of life and conscience of humanity.

Military actions should not go beyond self-defense or impose collective punishment on civilians. Protecting civilians in armed conflicts is a red line defined by international humanitarian law, and the indiscriminate use of force is unacceptable.

The parties to the conflict should adhere to international law and international humanitarian law, including ensuring the safety of civilians and detainees, opening humanitarian corridors, and preventing an even worse humanitarian disaster.

The history of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict has repeatedly demonstrated that the conflict cannot be resolved with military means, and responding to violence with violence will only lead to a vicious cycle.

The parties to the conflict should exercise restraint, immediately cease fire, and seek dialogue. All relevant parties in the region should maintain calm and restraint, uphold objectivity and fairness, promote de-escalation of the conflict, and avoid greater impacts on regional and international security.

The international community should take action to oppose any actions that harm civilians, and actively encourage peace talks. United Nations, especially the UN Security Council, must shoulder its responsibility, focus on humanitarian concerns, clearly call for practical measures to a ceasefire, an end to violence, protection of civilians, and the formation of a binding international consensus.

As long as the fighting continues, it will be impossible to avoid further violations of international humanitarian law. Without a full ceasefire, any humanitarian aid will only be a drop in the bucket.

If the current fighting in Gaza is allowed to drag on, the end result will not be a complete military victory for any side, but a wider humanitarian disaster and a more serious crisis.

Currently, the international community is expecting the UN Security Council to play a role in de-escalating the conflict and preventing humanitarian crises. However, a few major countries, while verbally emphasizing the need for the Security Council to take appropriate actions, have triggered doubts about their true intentions through their voting positions on relevant draft resolutions.

In recent years, the international landscape and the situation in the Middle East have undergone numerous changes, with certain major countries pulling the strings in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. This has led to the gradual marginalization of the Palestinian issue, and relevant UN resolutions have not been effectively implemented.

The current Palestinian-Israeli conflict serves as a painful reminder to the international community that the Palestinian issue has always been at the core of the Middle East issue. Without a just and equitable resolution to the Palestinian issue, lasting peace in the Middle East is unlikely to be achieved.

The Palestinian-Israeli conflict is a long-standing and complex issue, intertwined with disputes over territory, ethnicity, and religion. The difficulty in resolving the conflict lies fundamentally in the prolonged denial of the Palestinian people’s right to statehood, right to existence, and right to return.

Israel has the right to statehood, and so does Palestine. the fundamental approach to addressing the Palestinian question is the implementation of the two-state solution, and promoting the establishment of the timetable and roadmap for restoring the legitimate rights of the Palestinian nation.

The two-state solution, recognized by the international community, is that the Palestinians have their independent state with East Jerusalem as its capital, along the borders from 1967.

The international community generally supports the resumption of negotiations between the two sides based on the principles of “land for peace,” relevant UN resolutions, and the two-state solution.

Despite the differences between the two sides in terms of implementation, the two-state solution remains the only consensus-based approach to resolving the issue.

After the outbreak of the current conflict, the international community has once again come to the profound realization that the true implementation of the two-state solution is essential for resolving the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and bringing genuine peace to the Middle East.

Some said that any solution that deviates from the two-state solution is not feasible, and some believed that there is no alternative to the solution for resolving the issue. Some voices thought that a just and lasting resolution to the Palestinian issue could not be achieved without implementing relevant UN Security Council resolutions and establishing an independent State of Palestine.

On the issue of Palestine, China always stands on the side of peace, justice, international law, the common aspirations of most countries, and human conscience.

Currently, China is in communication with the relevant parties to prevent the escalation of conflict and humanitarian disasters, and will continue to provide emergency humanitarian assistance to the Gaza Strip through the UN and bilateral channels.

China will support all efforts conducive to the implementation of the two-state solution and seeks a comprehensive, just, and lasting resolution to the Palestinian issue, in order to achieve peaceful coexistence between Palestine and Israel.

To act responsibly for peace and lives is a shared duty among all peace-loving and fair-minded nations. In the face of ongoing conflicts and escalating humanitarian disasters, major countries, in particular, need to uphold objectivity and fairness, promote a prompt ceasefire and cessation of hostilities, and explicitly call for the implementation of the two-state solution, so as to eliminate the fertile ground for violence and play a constructive role in maintaining peace and stability in the Middle East.